Discovery of a hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet and a second temperate, non-transiting planet around the M4 dwarf GJ 3473 (TOI-488)
Kemmer, J.; Stock, S.; Kossakowski, D.; Kaminski, A.; Molaverdikhani, K.; Schlecker, M.; Caballero, J.A.; Amado, P.J.; Astudillo-Defru, N.; Bonfils, X.; Ciardi, D.; Collins, K.A.; Espinoza, N.; Fukui, A.; Hirano, T.; Jenkins, J.M.; Latham, D.W.; Matthews, E.C.; Narita, N.; Pallé, E.; Parviainen, H.; Quirrenbach, A.; Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Ricker, G.; Schlieder, J.E.; Seager, S.; Vanderspek, R.; Winn, J.N.; Almenara, J.M.; Béjar, V.J.S.; Bluhm, P.; Bouchy, F.; Boyd, P.; Christiansen, J.L.; Cifuentes, C.; Cloutier, R.; Collins, K.I.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Crossfield, I.J.M.; Crouzet, N.; de Leon, J.P.; Della-Rose, D.D.; Delfosse, X.; Dreizler, S.; Esparza-Borges, E.; Essack, Z.; Forveille, Th.; Figueira, P.; Galadí-Enríquez, D.; Gan, T.; Glidden, A.; Gonzales, E.J.; Guerra, P.; Harakawa, H.; Hatzes, A.P.; Henning, Th.; Herrero, E.; Hodapp, K.; Hori, Y.; Howell, S.B.; Ikoma, M.; Isogai, K.; Jeffers, S.V.; Kürster, M.; Kawauchi, K.; Kimura, T.; Klagyivik, P.; Kotani, T.; Kurokawa, T.; Kusakabe, N.; Kuzuhara, M.; Lafarga, M.; Livingston, J.H.; Luque, R.; Matson, R.; Morales, J.C.; Mori, M.; Muirhead, Philip S.; Murgas, F.; Nishikawa, J.; Nishiumi, T.; Omiya, M.; Reffert, S.; Rodríguez López, C.; Santos, N.C.; Schöfer, P.; Schwarz, R.P.; Shiao, B.; Tamura, M.; Terada, Y.; Twicken, J.D.; Ueda, A.; Vievard, S.; Watanabe, N.; Zechmeister, M.
We present the confirmation and characterisation of GJ 3473 b (G 50–16, TOI-488.01), a hot Earth-sized planet orbiting an M4 dwarf star, whose transiting signal (P = 1.1980035 ± 0.0000018 d) was first detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Through a joint modelling of follow-up radial velocity observations with CARMENES, IRD, and HARPS together with extensive ground-based photometric follow-up observations with LCOGT, MuSCAT, and MuSCAT2, we determined a precise planetary mass, M_b = 1.86 ± 0.30 M_⨁, and radius, R_b = 1.264 ± 0.050 R_⊕. Additionally, we report the discovery of a second, temperate, non-transiting planet in the system, GJ 3473 c, which has a minimum mass, M_c sin i = 7.41 ± 0.91 M_⊕, and orbital period, P_c = 15.509 ± 0.033 d. The inner planet of the system, GJ 3473 b, is one of the hottest transiting Earth-sized planets known thus far, accompanied by a dynamical mass measurement, which makes it a particularly attractive target for thermal emission spectroscopy.
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